Neon Tetra – Paracheirodon innesi

The Neon Tetra (Paracheirodon innesi) is a popular freshwater aquarium fish known for its vibrant blue and red coloration, small size, and peaceful nature. Originating from the blackwater streams of South America, these freshwater fish thrive in soft, slightly acidic water with dim lighting and plenty of plants.

Quick Overview

Common Names: Neons
Scientific Name: Paracheirodon innesi
Popularity: Extremely popular in freshwater aquariums
Adult Size: 1 – 1.5 inches (2.5 – 3.8 cm)
Lifespan: 5 years
Sexing: Females are slightly rounder; males have a slimmer body and straighter blue stripe
Temperature: 72 – 78°F (22 – 26°C)
pH Range: 5.0 – 7.0
Water Hardness: 2 – 10 dGH
Nature: Peaceful Community Fish

Natural Habitat & Origin

Neon Tetras originate from slow-moving blackwater streams, tributaries, and floodplains in the Amazon River basin. These waters are typically soft, acidic, and rich in tannins from decaying leaves and wood, giving them a tea-colored appearance.

In the wild, Neon Tetras thrive in densely vegetated areas with subdued lighting. They form large schools to protect themselves from predators. Their natural habitat influences their aquarium care, making a well-planted tank with soft water ideal for their health and well-being.

Appearance & Size

Neon Tetras are characterized by their striking iridescent blue stripe running from their nose to their tail, contrasted with a bright red stripe along the lower half of their body. Their small, torpedo-shaped bodies make them highly active swimmers.

Tank Requirements

Minimum Tank Size: 10 gallons (~40L)
Preferred Tank Setup: Heavily planted aquarium with shaded areas and open swimming space
Substrate and Decorations: Dark substrate, driftwood, and floating plants help mimic their natural habitat
Tank Mate Options: Peaceful community fish such as Corydoras, Rasboras, and small Gouramis
Avoid: Large or aggressive fish such as Cichlids and Betta fish

Water Parameters & Conditions

Temperature: 72 – 78°F (22 – 26°C)
pH Range: 5.0 – 7.0
Water Hardness: 2 – 10 dGH
Filtration & Oxygenation: Gentle filtration with low water flow is preferred
Lighting: Use low to moderate lighting to prevent stress

Diet & Feeding

Neon Tetras are omnivores and require a varied diet for optimal health.

Recommended Foods: High-quality micro pellets, flakes, live or frozen foods like daphnia and bloodworms
Feeding Frequency: 2 – 3 times daily in small portions

Behaviour & Compatibility

Neon Tetras are peaceful schooling fish that should be kept in groups of at least six to feel secure. By doing this, they will be more likely to display their natural behavior. They do well in community tanks with other peaceful fish.

Good Tank Mates: Guppies, Mollies, Corydoras, small Rasboras, shrimps and other smaller tetras.
Avoid: Large or aggressive fish that may see them as food, such as Angelfish

Breeding

Breeding Neon Tetras can be challenging, as they require soft, acidic water and very specific conditions. The breeding process is difficult, and the tank setup should include dim lighting, soft, acidic water, and fine-leaved plants to provide a suitable environment. During breeding, males chase females, who scatter their eggs among the plants. After about 24 hours, the eggs hatch, and the fry require infusoria for nutrition before transitioning to baby brine shrimp.

Common Health Issues & Prevention

The parasite Pleistophora hyphessobryconis causes Neon Tetra Disease (NTD), which affects the muscles of neon tetras, leading to fading colors and abnormal swimming. NTD has no cure, so you must euthanize infected fish to prevent the disease from spreading to others in the tank. Stress and poor water quality increase the risk of infection.

Ich (or “white spot disease”) is caused by the parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, which forms white cysts on a fish’s skin, gills, and fins. Infected fish may exhibit symptoms like scratching, rapid breathing, and loss of appetite. Ich spreads quickly and can be fatal if untreated. Treatment includes raising the water temperature and using specific medications.

Fin Rot is a bacterial infection that causes frayed, discolored fins, often due to poor water quality or stress. It can be caused by bacteria like Aeromonas and Pseudomonas. If left untreated, it can lead to further infections and death. Treatment involves antibiotics and improving water conditions.

Prevention Techniques include maintaining good water quality through regular water changes and proper filtration. Quarantining new fish before adding them to the main tank can prevent disease spread. For neon tetras, avoid overcrowding, sudden temperature changes, and aggressive tank mates. Regularly monitor fish for early signs of illness to ensure quick treatment and prevent outbreaks.

Fun Facts

– Neon Tetras are among the most popular aquarium fish worldwide.
– Their bright colors fade when they are stressed or sleeping.
– Unlike some Tetras, they prefer calm, slow-moving water rather than strong currents.