Bolivian Ram – Mikrogeophagus Altispinosus

The Bolivian Ram (Mikrogeophagus altispinosus) is a peaceful and colorful freshwater cichlid native to the slow-moving rivers and floodplains of Bolivia and Brazil. Known for its striking appearance and calm temperament, this species is a great choice for community aquariums. Unlike many other cichlids, Bolivian Rams are relatively easy to care for and display social, interactive behavior, making them a favorite among both beginner and experienced fish keepers.

Quick Overview

Common Names: Bolivian Butterfly, Bolivian Ram
Scientific Name: Mikrogeophagus Altispinosus
Popularity: Popular among fish keepers for their colouration
Adult Size: 3–3.5 inches (7.5–9 cm)
Lifespan: 4 – 6 years
Sexing: Males tend to be larger, have more extended fin rays, and display brighter colors. Females have a rounder belly and are usually smaller.
Temperature: 74–80°F (23–27°C)
pH Range: 6.0–7.5
Water Hardness: 5–15 dGH
Nature: Peaceful and social but can be slightly territorial during breeding

Natural Habitat & Origin

The Bolivian Ram is native to the slow-moving freshwater rivers and floodplains of Bolivia and Brazil, particularly in the Amazon River basin. They are often found in soft, sandy-bottomed waters with plenty of vegetation and submerged driftwood.

Appearance & Size

Bolivian Rams have an elongated, oval-shaped body with vibrant colours. They exhibit shades of yellow, gold, and blue, with a dark lateral stripe running from their eye to their tail. Juveniles are paler and develop deeper coloration as they mature. Adults reach an average of 3–3.5 inches in length.

Tank Requirements

Minimum Tank Size: 20 gallons (~75L) for a pair, 30+ gallons (~120L) for a group
Preferred Tank Setup: Heavily planted tank with driftwood and hiding spots, especially if you have multiple pairs.
Substrate and Decorations: Fine sand or smooth gravel, rocks, driftwood, and caves for shelter
Tank Mate Options: Peaceful community fish like tetras, corydoras, and small plecos
Avoid: Aggressive cichlids, fin-nippers, and overly large or territorial fish

Water Parameters & Conditions

Temperature: 74–80°F (23–27°C)
pH Range: 6.0–7.5
Water Hardness: 5–15 dGH
Filtration & Oxygenation: Moderate filtration with a sponge or canister filter, good water flow without strong currents
Lighting: Moderate lighting; dim or shaded areas preferred

Diet & Feeding

Bolivian Rams are omnivorous and will accept a variety of foods, including high-quality pellets, live, and frozen foods.

Recommended Foods: High-quality cichlid pellets, frozen or live brine shrimp, bloodworms, daphnia, and blanched vegetables
Feeding Frequency: 2–3 times per day in small portions

Behaviour & Compatibility

Bolivian Rams are peaceful cichlids that do well in community tanks. They may show mild territorial behaviour, especially during breeding.

Good Tank Mates:  Neon tetras, harlequin rasboras, corydoras, small plecos, and dwarf gouramis
Avoid: Aggressive cichlids, large predatory fish, and fin-nipping species like tiger barbs

Bolivian Ram Breeding

Bolivian Rams are substrate spawners, meaning they lay their eggs on flat surfaces such as rocks or broad leaves. To encourage breeding, maintain a temperature of around 78–80°F, provide hiding spots, and ensure excellent water quality.

When a pair forms, they will clean a chosen spawning site, and the female will lay up to 200 eggs. The male fertilizes them, and both parents guard the eggs aggressively. The eggs hatch in about 48 hours, and the fry become free-swimming within 4–5 days. Parents continue to care for the fry, leading them to food sources. Feeding them infusoria or crushed flakes helps with their growth.

Common Health Issues & Prevention

Like many freshwater fish, Bolivian Rams can suffer from common aquarium diseases such as ich, fin rot, and bacterial infections. Maintaining stable water conditions, a varied diet, and routine water changes (at least 25% weekly) can help prevent illnesses. Avoid sudden water parameter changes, as they are sensitive to fluctuations.
If signs of ich (white spots) appear, gradually raising the temperature to 82°F and using aquarium salt or medication can help. Fungal and bacterial infections should be treated with appropriate aquarium-safe medications.

Fun Facts

– Bolivian Rams are one of the more peaceful cichlids, making them great for community tanks.
– They often “flirt” by displaying bright colors and performing subtle head movements during courtship.
– Unlike some other cichlids, Bolivian Rams are excellent parents and will actively defend their young. – Their colors become more vibrant when they are happy and in a well-maintained tank.